Murray Gray Beef Saturated Fat Content

Article author photo Victoria Mazmanyan by Victoria Mazmanyan | Last updated on Dec 03, 2020

Education: General Medicine at YSMU

Rabbit Meat

Introduction

Rabbit meat is not a part of nigh people's everyday diet, yet consumption of rabbit meat in 2017 alone was estimated to exist around 1.5 million tonnes (i). In this commodity, we volition explore all aspects of rabbit meat, with the main focus on its health impact and diet

Table of contents

  1. Classification
    1. Diet
      1. Macronutrients and Calories
        1. Fats
        2. Proteins
        3. Carbohydrates
      2. Vitamins
        1. Minerals
        2. Wellness Impact
          1. Pregnancy
            1. Allergy
              1. Diabetes
                1. Cancer
                  1. Cardiovascular
                    1. Gout
                      1. Tularemia
                      2. Rabbit Starvation
                        1. Glycemic Index
                          1. Serving Size
                            1. Cooking
                              1. Storing, Keeping & Conservation
                                1. Acidity
                                  1. Rabbit meat - ruby or white
                                    1. Rabbit meat in diets
                                      1. Consumption
                                        1. Production
                                          1. Cultural or Religious details
                                            1. FDA and NHS recommendations
                                              1. Genetics
                                                1. Sources.

                                                  Classification

                                                  Rabbit meat is often categorized as game meat, significant meat that's acquired through hunting for sport or nutrient. Game meat, in turn, is divided into three categories: minor birds, game proper, and big game. Rabbit meat falls under the category of game proper and ground game. However, rabbit hunting comprises only a small-scale portion of the annual rabbit meat consumption. Today rabbits are ordinarily bred and kept every bit livestock. The agricultural practise of breeding and raising domestic rabbits, mainly for their meat, fur, and wool, is chosen cuniculture. The USDA classifies these rabbits as domesticated poultry (2).

                                                  Rabbit meat is also classified depending on size. Fryer or young rabbit is a term for rabbits weighing from one.5 to 3.5 pounds (0.seven-1.6 kg) and less than iii months of historic period. A rabbit weighing over 4 pounds (i.8kg), usually over 8 months of historic period, is classified as a roaster or mature rabbit (2).

                                                  Nutrition

                                                  Naturally, depending on the blazon of rabbit meat and its cooking method, the nutritional value of the nutrient may slightly differ. In this article, we will exist presenting nutritional information about wild, stewed rabbit meat.

                                                  Ane of the best means of understanding the nutrition of a given food is through comparison to what we already know well. In this case, we compare rabbit meat with the near commonly consumed poultry meat - chicken. In doing so, we see that rabbit meat has a higher concentration of most minerals, except for sodium. It is also very rich in vitamin B12 and vitamin E, whereas chicken is richer in B complex vitamins, as well equally vitamins A and M. Rabbit meat also contains more protein and less fat.

                                                  As scientific discipline and research surrounding food and nutrition grows, health-witting customers demand foods with the best nutritional values. Even though rabbit meat naturally provides fantabulous nutrition, the dietary fortification of rabbits has been growing in recent years, making its nutritional properties even better. Dietary fortification of rabbits is achieved through feeding rabbits the proper diets: with high polyunsaturated fatty acids (enriching the rabbit meat with essential and bioactive fatty acids), using antioxidants (providing college levels of vitamin Eastward and extending the meat'south shelf life), supra-nutritional levels of selenium (contributing significantly to the selenium intake of humans), and other methods (3). Including bilberry pomace, a past-production that otherwise has no use, in diets for growing rabbits tin potentially better the nutritional attributes of rabbit meat, significantly increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (4).

                                                  Macronutrients and Calories

                                                  Fats

                                                  Rabbit meat's fat content is significantly lower compared to other meats; consequently, information technology also contains fewer calories. Instead, rabbit meat is richer in proteins, containing almost double the amount of all amino acids than chicken or beef. A study has found rabbit meat to take lower cholesterol levels than chicken and virtually one-half the cholesterol levels found in beef (5). However, meat from wild rabbits has almost double the corporeality of cholesterol compared to domesticated rabbit meat.

                                                  Equally seen in the infographic below, most of the fat in rabbit meat is saturated, closely followed past monounsaturated fats, leaving polyunsaturated fats in last place.

                                                  Fatty type information

                                                  Saturated Fatty: 1.05 g

                                                  Monounsaturated Fat: 0.95 g

                                                  Polyunsaturated fat: 0.68 g

                                                  Proteins

                                                  In protein quality breakdown, we encounter that out of all the essential amino acids, the one with the highest concentration within rabbit meat is tryptophan, with the lowest being phenylalanine.

                                                  Protein quality breakdown

                                                  Tryptophan Threonine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Valine Histidine 468% 423% 336% 283% 413% 236% 233% 277% 397%

                                                  Tryptophan: 436 mg of 280 mg 156%

                                                  Threonine: 1477 mg of 1,050 mg 141%

                                                  Isoleucine: 1567 mg of 1,400 mg 112%

                                                  Leucine: 2573 mg of 2,730 mg 94%

                                                  Lysine: 2891 mg of ii,100 mg 138%

                                                  Methionine: 826 mg of i,050 mg 79%

                                                  Phenylalanine: 1355 mg of ane,750 mg 77%

                                                  Valine: 1678 mg of 1,820 mg 92%

                                                  Histidine: 926 mg of 700 mg 132%

                                                  Carbohydrates

                                                  Rabbit meat, similar to other meats, does not contain a notable amount of carbohydrates.

                                                  Vitamins

                                                  Rabbit meat contains significantly higher concentrations of vitamin B12, every bit opposed to beef and craven, making it an fantabulous source for those with vitamin B12 deficiencies. Information technology is also rich in vitamin E.

                                                  Even though it is relatively lower in B complex vitamins than other meats, except for B12, information technology is even so a groovy source of pyridoxine (B6) and niacin (B3). Rabbit meat contains no vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin C

                                                  Vitamin coverage nautical chart

                                                  Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Vitamin G 0% ix% 0% 0% five% 17% 120% 0% 79% vi% 814% 4%

                                                  Vitamin A: 0 IU of 5,000 IU 0%

                                                  Vitamin E : 0.41 mg of 15 mg three%

                                                  Vitamin D: 0 µg of 10 µg 0%

                                                  Vitamin C: 0 mg of 90 mg 0%

                                                  Vitamin B1: 0.02 mg of ane mg 2%

                                                  Vitamin B2: 0.07 mg of 1 mg five%

                                                  Vitamin B3: half-dozen.4 mg of 16 mg forty%

                                                  Vitamin B5: 0 mg of 5 mg 0%

                                                  Vitamin B6: 0.34 mg of 1 mg 26%

                                                  Folate: 8 µg of 400 µg 2%

                                                  Vitamin B12: vi.51 µg of 2 µg 271%

                                                  Vitamin K: 1.five µg of 120 µg 1%

                                                  Minerals

                                                  Rabbit meat has the highest concentration of atomic number 26 in all types of meat. It is higher in calcium, potassium, and magnesium likewise, compared to beefiness and chicken.

                                                  Rabbit meat also contains optimal levels of phosphorus, copper, zinc, and choline.

                                                  Some other reward of rabbit meat is its comparatively low sodium levels, making it a great choice of meat for people with loftier blood pressure.

                                                  Mineral coverage chart

                                                  Calcium Atomic number 26 Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc Copper Manganese Selenium Choline 6% 182% 23% 103% 31% 6% 65% 59% 0% 83% 71%

                                                  Calcium: xviii mg of 1,000 mg ii%

                                                  Fe: 4.85 mg of 8 mg 61%

                                                  Magnesium: 31 mg of 420 mg vii%

                                                  Phosphorus: 240 mg of 700 mg 34%

                                                  Potassium: 343 mg of iii,400 mg 10%

                                                  Sodium: 45 mg of two,300 mg two%

                                                  Zinc: 2.38 mg of 11 mg 22%

                                                  Copper: 0.176 mg of 1 mg 20%

                                                  Manganese: 0 mg of 2 mg 0%

                                                  Selenium: 15.2 µg of 55 µg 28%

                                                  Choline: 129.9 mg of 550 mg 24%

                                                  Health Impact

                                                  Pregnancy

                                                  Poultry rabbit is advised during pregnancy, as lean meats are favorable for the normal growth of the fetus and rabbit meat is an excellent source of B12 vitamins. Vitamin B12 deficiency in meaning women significantly increases the take a chance of neural tube defects in children (half dozen).

                                                  However, game rabbits should be avoided, especially if they have been shot past lead pellets, out of fear of lead poisoning and potential diseases (seven).

                                                  Allergy

                                                  Despite all the health benefits, rabbit meat tin all the same be unsafe for some people. A sugar molecule found in certain meats, like rabbit meat, can crusade an allergic reaction. The allergy is chosen alpha-gal, named later on the molecule galactose-α-1,3-galactose. Symptoms of an alpha-gal allergy appear 3 to half dozen hours later on meat consumption and include rashes, hives, difficulty breathing, hypotension, severe breadbasket pains. This allergy tin range from mild to life-threatening, then it must exist carefully managed, and dietary changes may be necessary (8).

                                                  Specific rabbit dander allergens may as well cause similar bug. We may see a progressive increase in rabbit sensitization as a consequence of the fast-growing domestication of rabbits (9).

                                                  Diabetes

                                                  Rabbit meat is part of a recommended nutrition for diabetes due to its low fat and low cholesterol qualities and the nutritional value that is on par with fish meat (x).

                                                  A molecule constitute in rabbit meat, called conjugated linoleic fatty acid, may accept potential anti-obesity, anti-carcinogenic effects and likely help ameliorate diabetes. Rabbit meat is said to contain the molecule more than other non-ruminant animals. Furthermore, in contempo years, conjugated linoleic acrid has been used every bit a supplement in rabbit feed (11).

                                                  Cancer

                                                  As previously mentioned, conjugated linoleic acid, independent in rabbit meat, has potential anti-carcinogenic furnishings.

                                                  More often than not, red meats are correlated with an increased risk of most cancers: colon, rectum, gastric, and others (12).

                                                  In contrast, white meat intake, such as domesticated rabbit meat, seems to take a negative clan with the risk of gastric cancer (13).

                                                  Cardiovascular

                                                  Red meat is known for its adverse effects on cardiovascular wellness due to its concentration of saturated fats; nonetheless, as already stated, rabbit meat has a significantly lower corporeality of fats. The recent developments of rabbit meat, fortified with polyunsaturated fat acids, make this meat safer for people with cardiovascular diseases (14). Rabbit meat besides contains the lowest corporeality of sodium, among other meats, making information technology the best choice of meat for people with hypertension.

                                                  Gout

                                                  People with gout are mostly brash to avoid eating game and reddish meat due to its high purines and uric acid concentration. Still, rabbit meat may be a skillful option on this nutrition, as it is depression in both of these compounds (15, 16).

                                                  Tularemia

                                                  Tularemia is too known as rabbit fever and is a rare disease caused by a bacterium called Francisella tularensis. It tin spread to humans through a tick bite, straight contact with the beast, or poorly cooked meat. Rabbit hunters are at a college take a chance of getting infected when skinning the rabbit.

                                                  Symptoms tin can differ depending on the road of infection and exposure. Poorly cooked meat unremarkably affects the mouth, throat, and digestive tract with symptoms such as fever, throat pain, mouth ulcers, vomiting, etc. People exposed to tularemia usually show symptoms in three to five days, but it can take as long as 14 days. It is highly contagious and potentially fatal but can be successfully treated if diagnosed early (17).

                                                  Rabbit Starvation

                                                  Protein poisoning is an acute form of malnutrition that occurs when the body consumes too much protein, as the proper name suggests, and not enough fats and carbohydrates. Other names of this disorder are rabbit starvation, rabbit malaise, and mal de caribou (the evil of caribou). The names derive from the fact that lean meats such as rabbit, caribou, and reindeer incorporate a lot of proteins and very trivial fat.

                                                  The term rabbit starvation is said to take been coined by Vilhjalmur Stefansson, an arctic explorer who wrote in a book about human diet: "Rabbit eaters, if they have no fatty from another source - beaver, moose, fish - will develop diarrhea in about a week, with headache, lassitude, a vague discomfort. If in that location are plenty rabbits, the people eat till their stomachs are distended, only no matter how much they eat, they feel unsatisfied." (18).

                                                  Overall symptoms tin can include nausea, headaches, fatigue, diarrhea, low blood pressure, and fifty-fifty death (19).

                                                  Protein poisoning is not to be dislocated with protein toxicity. Protein toxicity occurs when the kidneys are under-operation, so the protein metabolic wastes like ammonia have no manner to leave the organism and create a potentially toxic build-up. On the other mitt, protein poisoning is the excessive corporeality of protein intake that tin can somewhen lead to kidney impairment.

                                                  Generally speaking, protein poisoning is very rare; notwithstanding, with new "loftier protein diets," information technology is important to keep in mind that the torso needs a balance of all nutritions, including fats and carbohydrates.

                                                  Glycemic Index

                                                  Rabbit meat does non contain a meaning amount of carbohydrates; therefore, its glycemic value is considered to be 0.

                                                  To get more information nigh the glycemic alphabetize of foods with no carbohydrates, you lot can visit this page.

                                                  Serving Size

                                                  The average serving size of a rabbit is considered to be 3oz, equivalent to 85g per eating, co-ordinate to FDA Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed (RACC).

                                                  Cooking

                                                  Knowing the safe means of cooking meats is e'er important, every bit poorly cooked meat has numerous wellness hazards.

                                                  For safe, USDA recommends cooking rabbits to an internal temperature of at least 160°F (71°C). The apply of a food thermometer is recommended to make certain that your rabbit is rubber to eat. When roasting rabbit parts, it is advised for the oven temperature to be no lower than 325°F (163°). It is safe to cook frozen rabbit in the oven without defrosting it first, although the cooking time may exist about 1.v times longer (20).

                                                  Cooking rabbit meat changes the fat composition, destroying unsaturated fatty acids; therefore, increasing the percentage of saturated fatty acids. One research has shown that microwaving rabbit meat results in the least amount of change in fat composition compared to boiling and aluminum foil blistering. Still, humid treatment did the most astringent harm to polyunsaturated fatty acids (21).

                                                  Another study has shown how the nutritional value and in vitro digestibility change by boiling or frying rabbit meat for different amounts of fourth dimension. Boiling for 15 minutes enhanced rabbit meat'south digestibility and nutritional value, whereas humid for 5 or 40 minutes led to their loss. Frying for two to 4 minutes helped obtain an adequate in vitro digestibility and nutritional value, even though the values were lower than that of boiled rabbit meat. The frying of rabbit meat for 6 minutes resulted in severe impairment of the protein content, color, muscle surface structure, in vitro digestibility, and protein nutrition (22).

                                                  Cooking rabbit meat with oregano and sage can better the free energy value and amino acrid composition of the repast (23).

                                                  Storing, Keeping & Conservation

                                                  Rabbit meat is supposed to be refrigerated at 40°F (4-5°C) or below if information technology is to be used within two days. If it is intended to exist kept for a longer period of fourth dimension, the optimal temperature is about 0°F (-18°C). It can be kept in the right conditions for an indefinite flow, although the quality of the meat decreases over fourth dimension. It is all-time to employ a whole frozen rabbit within a year and a frozen rabbit in pieces within 9 months.

                                                  Leftovers should be refrigerated within two hours subsequently cooking and used within iii to iv days, otherwise frozen. Defrozen, cooked rabbit meat is to exist used within 4 to 6 months for best quality. Leftovers are to exist reheated at 165°F (74°C).

                                                  Some studies have suggested that the shelf life of rabbit carcasses, wrapped in oxygen-permeable film and stored at 3°C (37.4°F), is over 8 days. However, later v days of storage, near carcasses started showing some softening, and the counts of leaner were growing (xi).

                                                  Acidity

                                                  A study has found the pH value of rabbit meat, stored for at least 24h, to range around 5.half dozen to five.85, indicating that rabbit meat has an inferior shelf life compared to other types of meat (24).

                                                  Some other research has found a similar number, with a mean pH value of five.98, for both rabbit carcasses and prepackaged meat (25).

                                                  When the acidic values of chilled and thawed rabbit meats were compared, it was found that chilled muscles had a slightly lower pH value, equal to 5.72±0.99 (26).

                                                  Based on our calculations, the Potential Renal Acrid Load (PRAL) value of rabbit meat is 16.8, confirming information technology to be acid-forming.

                                                  Rabbit meat - red or white

                                                  Meats are often generally categorized into red or white, based on heme iron content and myoglobin concentration. The higher the myoglobin concentration, the darker the meat.

                                                  Epidemiologic testify suggests an association between red and candy meat consumption and an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, type ii diabetes, and some types of cancers, peculiarly colorectal cancer (27). As aforementioned, by contrast, white meat has a negative association with the risk of gastric cancer.

                                                  Rabbit meat, like all poultry, is considered to exist white meat.

                                                  Rabbit meat in diets

                                                  Keto

                                                  A keto nutrition includes foods with high poly peptide and fats and low carbohydrates. Rabbit meat fits into a keto diet since it has no carbs; still, it is also depression in fats.

                                                  In order to achieve optimal physical performance endurance during a keto diet, a constraint of daily poly peptide dose is required. Co-ordinate to some calculations, daily protein intake should be around 1.5g/kg, which translates to 90-120g a day for people in the range of 60-80kg (28). One serving size of rabbit meat contains 28g of protein, then if y'all're on a keto diet, occasionally eating rabbit meat is non an effect; still, information technology is better to swallow it with a natural source of healthy fats like cheese, butter, and olive oil.

                                                  Nuance

                                                  The Nuance diet recommends a depression intake of saturated, trans fats, and sodium. This diet usually encourages increased consumption of poultry and a decreased intake of red meat (29).

                                                  Rabbit meat is suitable for the DASH diet since a serving of rabbit meat only has 38.three mg of sodium while beingness rich in poly peptide, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Preferably, it should not exist fried or salted. You should take no more than vi one-ounce servings a twenty-four hours (30). Several dietary studies have institute that rabbit meat has shown no negative effects on blood pressure (31).

                                                  Fortification of rabbit meat with polyunsaturated fatty acids can even take a positive impact on the potential to prevent hypertension (32).

                                                  Atkins The Atkins nutrition is mostly nigh cutting out or lowering carbohydrate intake. Since rabbit meat has no carbohydrates, it fits into this diet for both phases and all 3 types. Atkins diet recommends aiming for three 4-half-dozen ounce servings of protein each solar day (33).
                                                  Mediterranian Moderate amounts of poultry are an important aspect of the Mediterranean diet. The intake of poultry, such as rabbit meat, should exist weekly. Rabbit meat is overall mutual in the Mediterranian nutrition since the consumption of rabbit meat prospered around this expanse (34).
                                                  Paleo A paleo diet centers around foods that historically could be obtained by hunting and gathering, including lean meats, such every bit poultry or game. Rabbit meat is ideal for this diet.
                                                  Vegan / Vegetarian / Pescatarian Vegan, vegetarian, and pescatarian diets, naturally, practice not allow rabbit meat consumption.
                                                  Dukan Since the basis of the Dukan diet is eating meat, rabbit meat is more than suitable for this nutrition. It suits best for the Attack phase and can exist consumed in unlimited amounts, but it is acceptable in all four phases. During this diet, rabbit meat is not to exist fried or used with any additional fats (35).
                                                  Intermittent Fasting Intermittent fasting doesn't command what you lot swallow; instead, it controls when yous eat information technology, described more every bit an eating government rather than a diet. Lean meats are recommended during the eating periods, and rabbit meat is an excellent selection due to its nutritional benefits.
                                                  Low Fatty & Low Calorie Rabbit meat has fewer fats and calories when compared to well-nigh meats, and so information technology fits in both these diets.
                                                  Depression Carb Rabbit meat contains no carbohydrates and is perfect for a low-carb nutrition.
                                                  Anti Inflammatory An anti-inflammatory nutrition discourages or limits the consumption of red meats; even so, it favors lean proteins, such equally rabbit meat, rich in omega-three-fatty acids. Adding linseed oil to rabbits' diets increases the amount of omega-3-fatty acids in rabbit meat and may add together anti-inflammatory qualities to it (36).
                                                  BRAT You can add white meat, such every bit rabbit, on twenty-four hour period three of the BRAT nutrition, no sooner (37). Still, poly peptide is at times difficult to assimilate, and then it should but be consumed in moderate amounts if you have an upset stomach.

                                                  All in all, diets are made, having in mind a generalized group of people, so it is of import to pay attention to one's own individual needs and country of wellness earlier starting a diet.

                                                  Consumption

                                                  Rabbit meat consumption is almost popular in China, with a yearly consumption of 925 thousand tonnes, accounting for more 60% of the world'due south total rabbit meat consumption. Mainland china is followed by the Democratic People's Democracy of Korea with 154 thousand tonnes and Egypt with 57 k tonnes.

                                                  Rabbit meat consumption in 2017 alone averaged effectually 1.5 million tonnes, picking upwardly by 2.9% against the previous year (1). Co-ordinate to Rabbit Advocacy Network, this number is different and reaches up to 200 million tonnes of meat a year (38).

                                                  Overall, rabbit consumption accounts for less than 3% of all meats consumed in the European Matrimony. Consumption of rabbit meats is more prevalent in Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Game meat is mainly consumed during the hunting season, i.e., from Oct till December. Rabbit meat accounts for 490 thousand tonnes in all of the meat production (39).

                                                  Ane study has researched the consumers' attitude to the consumption of rabbit meat in 8 countries: Espana, Italia, French republic, Poland, Hungary, China, Brazil, and United mexican states. It was constitute that rabbit origin was the virtually important factor in Italia and French republic. In Spain, it was rated as moderately important. In Communist china, the level of origin was rated very low, while the level of processing was considered the near of import. The freshness of the meat was the nigh important in Espana and France, but non in Italy; however, frozen meat was non preferred in whatever Mediterranean countries. They concluded that no general trend was detected in all countries (40).

                                                  The consumption of rabbit meat in the USA and Canada is very low (0.fifteen-0.20kg per head), in contrast with Malta (7.5kg), Italia (5.5kg) and France (three.0kg), even though it is at the same toll range every bit chicken breast (10).

                                                  Product

                                                  Rabbit meat production is highly assisting due to its high prolificacy and curt reproductive wheel, ability to convert a large per centum of poly peptide intake into muscle mass, and simple feeding needs. It is said that rabbits can produce six times more meat than cows on the same feed and h2o.

                                                  Due to food shortages, during World State of war II, the British Regime urged its people with posters and propaganda to domesticate rabbits and heighten them for nutrient (41).

                                                  A report in 1995 showed that half-dozen countries were responsible for 58% of the world's meat product: Italy, France, Ukraine, People's republic of china, Spain, and Russia. It also stated that globally West Europe was the primary rabbit meat producer (43%), followed by Eastward Europe (24%) and Far East asia (fourteen%). North, Middle, and S Africa each represented between v and 10% of the world rabbit product (42). Since so, rabbit production numbers have changed quite a lot, declining in some countries and profoundly increasing in others.

                                                  Co-ordinate to FAOUN (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United nations), rabbit meat production has increased in China from 370K to 870K from 2000 to 2018. The numbers besides increased in United mexican states and Italy. However, they decreased in Spain, France, Brazil, and Poland (43).

                                                  These production numbers don't necessarily stand for consumption levels since a lot of the production gets exported, and part of the consumption is imported.

                                                  Cultural or Religious details

                                                  Many animal lovers protest the use of rabbits every bit nutrient and the general conditions in which rabbits are being kept. Diverse organizations are fighting to protect rabbits from being mistreated and exploited (10, 44).

                                                  Rabbits are one of the most popular pets in the Usa. Thus, when an American multinational supermarket chain, "Whole Foods" started selling rabbit meat, they soon had to remove the product afterwards a public outcry of creature welfare concerns. Organizations such equally People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and the Firm Rabbit Society organized protests exterior 40 stores, based on the concerns generated past sure documents that showed the animals were caged in cold weather condition overnight with no access to water. Eventually, "Whole Foods" appear the finish of rabbit meat sales (45).

                                                  A survey was done about the intensive rabbit meat manufacture in the Eu published in 2017 (European Parliament Plenary sitting). It was found that the majority of rabbits were kept in barren environments, frequently in battery cages, intensive farming systems had severe negative implications for rabbit welfare and a high charge per unit of disease and mortality amidst caged farm rabbits (46).

                                                  Nevertheless, there are specific requirements and regulations for rabbits' general conditions and slaughter in most countries. In the European union, rabbit meat must be obtained in establishments that fulfill the general conditions of the poultry meat directive, with the source animals being similarly checked for their health status (47). Processors must meet all USDA/FSIS (Nutrient Rubber and Inspection Services) inspection exempt requirements in the USA. Processors are prohibited from selling adulterated or misbranded products as defined by FSIS (48).

                                                  FDA and NHS recommendations

                                                  According to the USDA, hormones are non used in raising rabbits, while antibiotics may be used but sometimes to preclude or treat diseases in rabbits. However, after the antibiotic is administered, a certain "withdrawal" period must laissez passer before the animal tin can be legally slaughtered. During this fourth dimension menstruation, the residues of the antibody completely exit the rabbit's organisation (two).

                                                  Genetics

                                                  Rabbits are often known for their ability to breed fast, which is part of the reason why they have been used in scientific discipline to study genetics and reproduction physiology. However, only in the 20th century take people begun to motion in the direction of rabbit's genetic comeback with an aim to accomplish effectively meat production.

                                                  Overall, rabbit breeds can be divided into iv groups based on adult size. Heavy breeds have an adult weight exceeding 5kg. Their body mass makes them a desirable meat product. Boilerplate breeds weigh from 3.five to 4.5kg and are frequently used for meat production in Western Europe. A rabbit of a lightweight breed weighs around 2.5-3kg and is usually used in developing countries equally meat. Adult rabbits of a pocket-sized breed counterbalance around 1kg and cannot be used for meat product (49). Commercial production often uses heavy breeds for does and average breeds for sires.

                                                  The genetic flexibility and short reproductive bike of rabbits are used to create breadstuff rapidly, varying in size and muscle mass. Still, near studies have found that genetic modification does not affect the quality of meat (50).

                                                  Sources.

                                                  1. https://world wide web.indexbox.io/store/world-rabbit-or-hare-meat-marketplace-written report-analysis-and-forecast-to-2020
                                                  2. https://world wide web.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/meat/rabbit-farm-table
                                                  3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030917401100074X
                                                  4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313897948
                                                  5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290214524
                                                  6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161975/
                                                  7. https://ada.com/foods-to-avoid-during-pregnancy/
                                                  8. https://world wide web.cdc.gov/ticks/alpha-gal/index.html
                                                  9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095461110500483X
                                                  10. https://world wide web.researchgate.cyberspace/publication/289674478
                                                  11. ENHANCEMENT OF NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND SAFETY IN RABBIT MEAT
                                                  12. https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/meat-fish-and-dairy/
                                                  13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/manufactures/PMC6520977/
                                                  14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257606/
                                                  15. http://world wide web.ainfo.inia.uy/digital/bitstream/item/7679/i/St-216-2014-p.119-132.pdf
                                                  16. https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/68/x/1263/568631
                                                  17. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/commodity/pii/B978032304478350049X
                                                  18. http://highsteaks.com/the-fatty-of-the-land-not-by-bread-alone-vilhjalmur-stefansson.pdf
                                                  19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7003706
                                                  20. Rabbit From Farm to Tabular array
                                                  21. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333057175
                                                  22. https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJFS/commodity-total-text-pdf/6C3811143141
                                                  23. https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/22711.pdf
                                                  24. https://world wide web.researchgate.cyberspace/publication/292968377
                                                  25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15151235/
                                                  26. https://www.researchgate.cyberspace/publication/271830971
                                                  27. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128039687000125
                                                  28. https://world wide web.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/manufactures/PMC524027/
                                                  29. https://world wide web.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4515871/
                                                  30. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/dash-eating-programme
                                                  31. https://austinpublishinggroup.com/pulmonary-respiratory-medicine/fulltext/ajprm-v2-id1019.php
                                                  32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335777102
                                                  33. https://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/atkins-xl
                                                  34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326887764
                                                  35. http://thedukandiet.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/dukan_diet_safe_food_list_meat_offal-2.pdf
                                                  36. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335357643
                                                  37. https://world wide web.oregonclinic.com/diets-BRAT
                                                  38. http://www.rabbitadvocacynetwork.org/rabbit-meat/
                                                  39. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2015/EN/COM-2015-205-ane-EN-Principal.PDF
                                                  40. https://world wide web.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/manufactures/PMC7278728/
                                                  41. https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2010/12/01/rabbit-rabbit/
                                                  42. https://world wide web.researchgate.cyberspace/publication/271845233
                                                  43. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/?#data
                                                  44. https://rabbit.org/rabbit-advocacy-networks-work-on-the-rabbit-meat-result/
                                                  45. https://rabbit.org/victory-whole-foods-ends-rabbit-meat-sales/
                                                  46. https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1439&context=asj
                                                  47. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781855734487500075
                                                  48. RABBIT & POULTRY SLAUGHTER/PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS
                                                  49. http://www.fao.org/3/x5082e/X5082E0a.htm
                                                  50. https://www.sciencedirect.com/scientific discipline/article/abs/pii/S0309174018300809

                                                  Article author photo Victoria Mazmanyan

                                                  Teaching: General Medicine at YSMU

                                                  Final updated: December 03, 2020

                                                  Important nutritional characteristics for Rabbit Meat

                                                  Rabbit Meat

                                                  0 (low)

                                                  Insulin index ⓘ

                                                  N/A

                                                  Calories

                                                  173

                                                  Internet Carbs ⓘ Net Carbs = Total Carbohydrates – Fiber – Sugar Alcohols

                                                  0 grams

                                                  3 oz (85 grams)

                                                  Acidity (Based on PRAL) ⓘ PRAL (Potential renal acid load) is calculated using a formula. On the PRAL scale the higher the positive value, the more is the acidifying effect on the body. The lower the negative value, the higher the alkalinity of the nutrient. 0 is neutral.

                                                  sixteen.8 (acidic)

                                                  Explanation: The given nutrient contains more Poly peptide than 98% of foods. Note that this food itself is richer in Protein than it is in any other food. Similarly, it is relatively rich in Cholesterol, Atomic number 26, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin B3.

                                                  Rabbit Meat Glycemic alphabetize (GI)

                                                  Mineral chart - relative view

                                                  Vitamin chart - relative view

                                                  Macronutrients chart

                                                  Protein:

                                                  Daily Value: 66%

                                                  33.02 g of l thou

                                                  66%

                                                  Fats:

                                                  Daily Value: v%

                                                  3.51 chiliad of 65 g

                                                  5%

                                                  Carbs:

                                                  Daily Value: 0%

                                                  0 g of 300 1000

                                                  0%

                                                  H2o:

                                                  Daily Value: three%

                                                  61.37 g of two,000 yard

                                                  three%

                                                  Other:

                                                  2.1 g

                                                  Check out similar food or compare with current

                                                  Veal

                                                  Chicken meat

                                                  Duck meat

                                                  Nutrition FACTS Characterization

                                                  Diet Facts

                                                  ___servings per container
                                                  Serving Size ______________

                                                  Amount Per 100g

                                                  Calories 173

                                                  6 %

                                                  Total Fat 4g

                                                  Total Sugars k

                                                  Includes ? k Added Sugars

                                                  Protein 33g

                                                  Health checks

                                                  Low in Cholesterol

                                                  limit break

                                                   ⓘ Dietary cholesterol is non associated with an increased take a chance of coronary centre disease in healthy individuals. However, dietary cholesterol is common in foods that are high in harmful saturated fats.
                                                  Source

                                                  No Trans Fats

                                                  ok

                                                   ⓘ Trans fat consumption increases the take chances of cardiovascular disease and mortality by negatively affecting blood lipid levels.
                                                  Source

                                                  Depression in Saturated Fats

                                                  ok

                                                   ⓘ Saturated fat intake tin can raise total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels, leading to an increased chance of atherosclerosis. Dietary guidelines recommend limiting saturated fats to under 10% of calories a day.
                                                  Source

                                                  Depression in Sodium

                                                  ok

                                                   ⓘ Increased sodium consumption leads to elevated blood pressure.
                                                  Source

                                                  Low in Sugars

                                                  ok

                                                   ⓘ While the consumption of moderate amounts of added sugars is not detrimental to health, an excessive intake tin can increase the adventure of obesity, and therefore, diabetes.
                                                  Source

                                                  powellworidence.blogspot.com

                                                  Source: https://foodstruct.com/food/rabbit-meat

                                                  0 Response to "Murray Gray Beef Saturated Fat Content"

                                                  Post a Comment

                                                  Iklan Atas Artikel

                                                  Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

                                                  Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

                                                  Iklan Bawah Artikel